The Burial of Sophocles
Καὶ ἐπὶ τὸν πατρῷον τάφον ἐτέθητὸν ἐπὶ τῇ κατὰ τὴν Δεκέλειαν φερούσῃ κείμενον πρὸ τοῦ τείχους ἕνδεκα σταδίων. .... καὶ τοῦτον τὸν τόπον ἐπιτετειχικότων Λακεδαιμονίων κατ᾽ Ἀθηναίων Διόνυσος κατ᾽ ὄναρ ἐπιστὰς Λυσάνδρῳ ἐκέλευσεν ἐπιτρέψαι τεθῆναι τὸν ἄνδρα εἰς τὸν τάφον. ὡς δ᾽ ωλιγώρησεν ὁ δὲ Λύσανδρος, δεύτρον αὐτῷ ἐπέστη ὁ Διόνυσος τὸ αὐτὸ κελεύων. ὁ δὲ Λύσανδρος πυνθανόμενος παρὰ τῶν φυγάδων τίς εἴν ὁ τελευτήσας, καὶ μαθὼ ὅτι Σοφοκλῆς ὑπάρχει, κήρυκα πέμψας ἐδίδου θάπτειν τὸν ἄνδρα.
' And he was laid in the tomb of his fathers, that is situated eleven furlongs in front of the wall, on the road leading past Decelea. . . Now Decelea had been taken from the Athenians and fortified against them by the Lacedaemonians; to whose general, Lysander, the god Dionysus appeared in a dream, bidding him give leave for the man to be buried in the tomb. When Lysander made light of it, the God appeared a second time with the same behest. Then Lysander inquired from deserters who the dead man was; and learning that it was Sophocles, sent a herald with permission for the burial.'
Sophocles, the grandson, speaks at the poet's tomb.
GREEN hills that wave your olives to the sun.
Who but an hour ago did flaming rise
Over the tombs of hidden Marathon
And gave you back your shining jewelleries
What meaning dear can the dull eyes of grief
Trace in your moving groves and wizard streams?--
Have ye a knowledge of our troubled quest,
The lamentation brief,
The grey road and the haunting twilight dreams,
And the lov'd burden laid this morn to rest?
Ah! surely there is wonder and strange stir
Amid Earth's guardian gods, when the last goal
Hath gain'd the crown, and to Earth's sepulchre
We bear the way-worn chariot of the soul!--
And surely here a memory shall last,
In hill and grove and torrent, of this day,
For bards to glean who can: and they shall sing
How the sweet singer pass'd
Forth to his rest with war about his way
And a dread mask of Ares menacing!
Alas! poor city, fate-enshadowèd,
How powerless all thy pride of piety
To give due service to thy poet dead--
Save by the favour of an enemy!--
A bitter hard-won favour; for folks say
Lord Dionysus twice in vision came,
Jealous and wroth, to school Lysander's might,
That, where his fathers lay,
The darling prophet of the god's own flame,
Cradled in calm, should sleep his endless night.
'Twas thus, that, ere the arrows of the dawn
First shot the peaks of clear Pentelicus
With the day's golden promise, we had drawn
Nigh to the house of death and girded us
With the dim livery of the funeral:
A small, sad band, whom love or blood allow'd
To tend the dead; while vexing the repose
Of stars, who listening all
Peer'd through a shifting curtain of frail cloud,
Like a wild song the women's wailing rose.
Slowly we brought him forth--can I forget?--
And soft adown the lantern-hemmèd street
Parted the throngs who paid their pious debt
Of patient watching and of reverence meet.
And there were sudden tears and murmurs faint
And floating cries upon the midnight air,--
Not that they grudg'd him death, nor would importune
The gods in idle plaint:
But oh! he went (their burthen of despair)--
Athens' last light--in Athens darkest fortune!
How lingeringly we reached the guarded gate
Of the dear city fate-enshadowèd!--
As if reluctantly she bore the fate
That stole his presence. For of old ('twas said)
The palaces of Kings had sought in vain
To woo him from his Athens, and the long
Proof of the years had found him ever true:
So, like a lover, fain
Would she have held him from this shelter strong
Once hers, now--gift of a curs'd stranger crew!
But when we left the wakeful, following crowd
Within the walls, and passed the sentinels,
Pausing we turn'd: and lo! for us the shroud
Of silent night hid nothing. All the bells
Were set a-chiming in each memory,
And to fond eyes, that knew the outline clear
Of every tower and temple and the whole
Form of her majesty,
Athens, the queenly city, bade appear,
Rob'd in revealing shade, her wondrous soul.
Her wondrous soul, her wondrous, grieving soul
Captur'd and fill'd us.--Oh, how fevrous then
(When we had forfeited the passing toll
Of tears, that Love itself exacts from men
On such an errand) did we take the road,
And by Cephisus' ' sleepless fountains' bore
On the dead singer of Colonus fair,
Yon kindly last abode
Of the royal Theban martyr, who of yore
Curs'd a false son and dying triumph'd there.
Ah! Fancy loves to weave at such an hour
A faery web of false resemblances.--
And who hath strength to curb her perilous power
Of blind divining? Many phantasies
Made riot in our thought and seem'd to bring
The living children of his poesy
Winging from out the night to claim a part
In all our sorrowing:
While the lorn gale out of the Northern sky
Sped its far, sullen mutterings to our heart.
And then that "darkly-riding company!--
What rapid, iron question stabb'd the air?
Rude force in-bursting on our reverie
With Insolence of arms and doubting stare!
But when the whisper flew that this was he
Poet of all the nations, rare bequest
Of Hellas to the treasuries of Time,--
Forgot was enmity,
And, sons of Hellas all, we onward press'd
Hot with one fervour and one care sublime.
And last, the tomb.--One struck the dead man's lyre
By Death long silenc'd, and our hearkening ears
Were open'd for one moment of desire
To the pure, perfect music of the spheres;
As if his Spirit had vouchsaf'd to us
A fragment of eternal harmony
From its new dwelling-place. The player ceas'd;
All dumb and tremulous
We smooth'd the coffin, cas'd in greenery
And with our own shorn tresses over-fleec'd.
And so we laid him: even so he lies
To be for aye the Muse's pensioner:
Poets unborn shall sing him, centuries
Untold tell of his fealty to her.--
For oh! the service of his life will live
Deathlessly eloquent. But I------alas!
Left desolate within this teasing world--
What comfort can I give
My comrades ere again those walls we pass
Whose flag of hope for evermore is furl'd?
O multitudinous music of the day--
Bird-song and breeze and forest-minstrelsy--
You storm this heart and to your chorus gay
Marry its dirge of desolate misery:
Whence a faint song of musing hope is born,--
Hope for Earth's children whom the Master lov'd,
And for God's justice that he witness'd e'er,
Hope for his Athens torn
By foe and feud: So be my spirit prov'd
Not all unworthy him whose name I bear.
Ah! Master, when the blast uproots a tree,
Its form lies bedded--but a god beneath
Treasures its leaves and perish'd fragrancy
To pierce anew the pregnant soils of death:
So from thy poetry, thy spirit-tomb,
Shall burgeon wealth of tears and tenderness
And beauty, when forgotten is this pit
And drain'd is Athens' doom-----
Come, leave his body, friends, to Earth's caress.--
Oh, lightly, lightly. Earth, encompass it!